Abstract
Objective: To analyze several risk factors for cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) to determine the duration and type of anticoagulant therapy after the acute phase, thereby contributing to improved treatment efficacy of CVT, increasing recovery rates, reducing disability, and decreasing recurrence rates. Research Method: A prospective descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 76 patients diagnosed with CVT treated at the Neurology Center – Bach Mai Hospital from January 2025 to December 2025. Data on the general characteristics of the study group (age, gender) and risk factors (medical history, internal diseases, obstetric history, use of oral contraceptives) were analyzed and compared.
Results: The average age of the study subjects was 48.7 ± 17.9 years, with no significant difference between the male and female ratios. Risk factors for the disease are diverse, with protein S deficiency being the most common, occurring in 25% of the study patients. Protein C deficiency and ATIII deficiency occurred at lower rates, 18.4% and 13.2%, respectively. Among the risk factors for secondary hypercoagulability related to childbirth in female patients of reproductive age, prolonged oral contraceptive use was present in 40% of cases. Postpartum use was present in 7 patients, accounting for 23.3%. Pregnancy was present in 16.7%, and post-abortion was the least common in 10% of female patients of reproductive age. Other risk factors included meningitis (7.9%), positive antinuclear antibodies (5.3%), positive antidouble-chain antibodies (3.9%), and lower extremity thrombosis (5.3%). Among the many risk factors for cerebrovascular disease, we also encountered Graves' disease, anemia, polycythemia, diabetes mellitus, hypercoagulable gene mutations, and dural arteriovenous fistula.
Conclusion: 82.9% of patients had risk factors, of which 55.3% had one risk factor; 27.6% had two or more risk factors. Among female patients with cerebral venous thrombosis of reproductive age, oral contraceptives were the most common risk factor at 40%. Gene mutations causing hypercoagulability were found in 2 patients, accounting for 2.6% of the patients.